Indlela i-Opioids inokubangela ngayo ukuba uphume
Umyeni wam ubonakala ephuma xa athe wathatha nayiphi na imithi yeentlungu. Wayenomsebenzi wokutshintsha indawo kwaye wayenompu we-morphine kwaye [waphuma]. Emva koko bamnika i-tramadol waza waphuma nayo. Uye waphuma kunye no-vicodin, ikhodi kunye nePercocet. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakhe luyancipha kwaye lunikela bonke abantu.
Oku kulandelayo kukukunceda ukuqonda ama-opiates angcono kwaye akujoliswe njengeengcebiso unyango.
Ukutyhafa
Iipilisi zonyango ezenziwe ngqo kwi-opium extract okanye inguqu ye-opium-ingabangela ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo kunye nokufa.
Ezi zonyango ziyaziwa nangokuthiwa ngama- narcotics . Ukuwa kwexinzelelo lwegazi kuqhelekileyo. Iiparamedics zenza amayeza e-opiate ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi entliziyweni ngexesha leentlobo ezithile zeengxaki ezichaphazelekayo zentliziyo (ngokuqhelekileyo iintlungu zesifuba ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwintliziyo okanye ukuhluleka kwentliziyo). Isenzo esikhokelela kwingcinezelo yegazi ephantsi kwi-opiates sisenzo esifanayo esinciphisa umthwalo wentliziyo.
Ukuqonda kangcono indlela i-opiates yenza ngayo into ayenzayo, makhe siqale ngokukhangela iimpawu ze-opiate overdoses.
Imvelaphi yokuLungisa
La mayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukulawula ubuhlungu, kodwa anembali ende yokusetyenziswa kakubi. I-opiates abaninzi abantu bayayiqonda i-morphine, vicodin, ikhodi, i-oxycontin kunye ne-heroin. Kukho izidakamizwa ezininzi kwiikhosi ezikhoyo kwaye ezininzi zinamagama ahlukeneyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo (Rapifen kunye neTransstec ngamagama aqhelekileyo e-UK). I-Heroin, eyenziwa yi-Bayer Inkampani (ewe, efana ne-aspirin-kwaye ikhutshwe ngokurhweba ngonyaka kuphela), ayizange ibekwe ngokomthetho e-United States ukususela ngo-1924 kwaye ayisasetyenziswa ngokuthengisa ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kokuba ubale imveliso engekho mthethweni.
(Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngokungafani nemichiza yomthetho, i-opiates engekho mthethweni ayinakulawulwa kwaye ukuhlanzeka kwabo akunakulungelelaniswa, oku kungenza uncedo lokugqithisa.)
Ngaphandle kokulawula i-opiates therapeutically (ngokuqhelekileyo i-morphine, kodwa i-paramedics kwezinye iindawo inokuthi ithwale iinguqu ezahlukeneyo) ii-paramedics zivame ukubizwa ukuba ziphathe i-opiate overdoses.
Kukho imiqondiso emithathu ye-classic ye-opiate overdose:
- Ukungaqondi. Isigulane sisoloko siphendule ngokupheleleyo.
- Abafundi abaqiniweyo (ngamanye amaxesha babizwa ngokuba ngabafundi benkcazo)
- Isigulane siphefumula okanye asiphefumli nonke. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-apnea okanye ukuphefumula.
I-opiate overdoses ezona ziqhelekileyo zibonwa ngama-paramedics zibandakanya i-heroin, kodwa nayiphina imithi ye-opiate ingenza izibonakaliso neempawu ezingentla.
Iingxaki ezinamayeza opiate azenzeki nje ngokugqithisa. Ezinye i-opiates, i-morphine yenye yazo, kubangelwa ukuncipha kwintliziyo yesisu kunye nexinzelelo lwegazi. Indlela okwenzekayo isacatshungulwa kwaye kubonakala ngathi akuzona zonke iilpiyo zonyango ezenziwe zilinganayo. Enyanisweni, iimpendulo zethu kwii-opiates zizodwa, ezithetha ukuba iimpendulo zomntu omnye kunye nemiphumo emibi kwiziyobisi ezifana ne-morphine okanye i-fentanyl zinokuthi zihluke kakhulu kunomnye umntu.
Ingakanani unyango lwe-opiate lushintsha umxinzelelo wegazi lomntu ongeke lucaciswe, kodwa ukwazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luyakunceda njani ukuba silungiselele ukuphendulwa kwemibi. Ngaphandle kweyiphi na igalelo elichanekileyo iyeza ye-opiate inokuthi ibe nexinzelelo lwegazi, kukho ezinye iimpendulo ezinxulumene ne-opiate ezinokuchaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuba negalelo lokuphazamiseka, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Imbali kunye neHerin
Ngokwempawu, izilutha ze-heroin zibonakaliswa njengento yokubetha rhoqo kunye nokutshiza. Kukho isizathu sokuba oko; i-opiates idala ukukhululwa kwe-histamine egazini. Andiyi kungena kwi-mechanics ngokuchanekileyo nokuba yintoni na le nto eyenzekayo (ayiqondwa kakuhle nangona kunjalo) kodwa i-histamine yinto efanayo ekhutshwa ngexesha lokuphendula. Ukuphendulwa kwe-allergenic kubangele ukuhluma, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-Histamine idlala inxaxheba kwi-anaphylaxis, eyona nto iyingozi yokusabela. Iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis ziquka rhoqo ukunyanzelwa kwegazi.
Ukudibene nokunciphisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwingcinezelo yegazi yezinye i-opiates, oku kungakhokelela ekuhlahleni okunyanzelekileyo kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye nokuphelelwa amandla.
Ukuxhomekeka kwe-Opiate-Induced Constipation
Ama-opiates anqongopha iintlobo ezithile zeengxube ezihamba kakuhle, kuquka i-sphyncters. Ngaphandle kokubakhokelela kubafundi abaqinileyo, ama-opiates abuye achazwe kakuhle ngenxa yokubanjwa. Abasebenzisi abangapheliyo banakho ukuhlakulela ukuxhalabisa okunokubangela ukuba unqande kwisigxathu somzimba.
Ukuqhaqha kwamathumbu okuvuthayo kuvuselela i-vagus nerve, ekhokelela kwiqondo lentliziyo elincinci kunye nohla lwexinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuchithwa ngenye inokubangela ukuphelelwa amandla ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwegazi.
Ngaphantsi
Nangona ezi ezinye zeentlungu ezidlulileyo kunokuba zikhona, kusekho nto esingaziyo okanye siyayiqonda malunga namayeza e-opiate. Ngayo yonke into eyenzekayo kunye nemiphumo ye-opiates, ukulahlekelwa kwexinzelelo lwegazi kakubi ngokwaneleyo ukudala ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo (ukuphelelwa amandla) akupheli kumbuzo. Ukongeza iziphumo zokuguqula i-opiates kunye nokunyusa kwabo ukunciphisa ukuphefumla kwenza izinto zibe nzima.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela izikhokelo kuzo zonke iyeza (umyalelo kunye nangaphezulu kwekhawuntara). Ngokomzekelo, izilumkiso ze-oxycodone zithi "zingabangela ukuxakeka, ukungafihli, nokuphelelwa amandla xa uvuka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwindawo yokulala."
Ekugqibeleni, kubantu abathile, amayeza opiate kuphela ayinakuphendula. Kodwa kunikwe indima ebalulekileyo ukuba abaphathi beenhlungu abalawuleyo banokudlala, kukufanelekile ukuhlolisisa ukhetho kunye nogqirha kwiimeko ezibandakanya iintlungu ezinzima. Ngolawulo lweengcali, ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo nokucwangcisekileyo-kunye nokulawulwa kwentlungu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi-kunokufezekiswa.
> Imithombo:
> Baldo, BA, kunye nePham, NH. "Iipropati-ukukhulula kunye neengqungquthela ze-opioid zezidakamizwa ezigqithisileyo: ukuxazulula ezo zibini." U-Anaesth Unonophelo olunzulu . 2012 Mar; 40 (2): 216-35. Uhlolo. PubMed PMID: 22417016.
> Camilleri, M. "Ukuxiliswa kwe-Opioid-induced-imption: imingeni kunye namathuba okwelapha." Am J Gastroenterol . NgoNovemba ka-2011; 106 (5): 835-42; Imibuzo ye-843. i-doi: 10.1038 / ajg.2011.30. Epub 2011 Feb 22. Ukuhlaziywa. I-PubMed PMID: 21343919.
> Scott, uIan. "IHeroin: Iminyaka Eyinkulungwane Yokuphila." Imbali namhlanje . 1998: Umqulu: 48 Inkcazo: 6. Kufumaneka kwi-intanethi 11 Disemba 2012.