Ekuphenduleni ukwanda kwabaqhubi ababenokukhubazeka kodwa bengenanqanaba eliphantsi okanye lingekho niselo yotywala egazini labo, i-arhente zokuthotyelwa komthetho kwilizwe lonke zaqala ukusebenzisa amagosa aqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekileyo abachazwa njengeengcali zokuqaphela iziyobisi okanye abavandlakanyo bokuvavanya iziyobisi (DRE).
Ngokunyuka kokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi zonyango kunye nokunyuka kwenani lamazwe abhalisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-marijuana yonyango kunye nokuzonwabisa, inani labaqhubi beendlela eziphantsi kwefuthe lonyango landile kakhulu , kunye neengozi zokuqhuba izixhobo ezinobungozi kumntu wonke .
Inkqubo ye-DRE yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-1970 yiSebe lePolisa yaseLos Angeles kodwa ngo-1980, i-LAPD yabambisana ne-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) yokwandisa inkqubo kwezinye iindawo.
Ngoku iNkqubo yoVavanyo lweeMvavanyo zoLuntu kunye nokuHlulwa kweDisk (i-DEC) iququzelelwe yi-International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) ngenkxaso evela kwi-NHTSA.
Igosa le-DRE liqeqeshelwa ukuqonda ukukhubazeka xa abaqhubi bephantsi kwefuthe leziyobisi ngaphandle kotywala kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iziyobisi ngaphezu kokusela kotywala.
Uqeqeshelwa ukuqaphela ukukhubazeka
Ngoncedo loogqirha, iingqondo zeengqondo kunye nabanye abaqeqeshi bezokwelapha, inkqubo ye-DEC yavelisa inkqubo eninzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-DRE Protocol. Kuyi-12-inqaku lokuhlola ukuba iingcali zokuqaphela iziyobisi zisebenzisa ukucacisa:
- Ukuba ummangali unobungozi
- Ukuba ukukhubazeka kungenxa yeziyobisi okanye imeko yonyango
- Ukuba iziyobisi, yiyiphi inkunkuma yezidakamizwa
Ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-DECP: "Akukho nto kwi-DRE protocol entsha okanye inoveli. I-protocol ye-DRE iqokelelo lweemvavanyo ogqirha abaye basebenzisa amashumi eminyaka ukuchonga nokuvavanya ukuphazamiseka kotywala."
Igosa le-DRE aliyi kufikelela kwisigqibo kunoma yiphina inxalenye yolu vavanyo kodwa yenza uhlalutyo lwakhe lusekelwe kwiinkalo ezivela kwi-12-part-part process, echanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kubo bonke abalawuli be-DRE yonke indawo.
Eli phepha lilandelayo licacisa ngalinye isinyathelo segosa le-DRE lithatha ukuhlolisisa umqhubi okhangekileyo kwaye lenze uvavanyo lwakhe ngaphambi kokuba abanjwe ukuqhuba ukuqhuba kakubi .
1 - Uvavanyo lweNxila yoTywala
Isinyathelo sokuqala seProjekthi ye-DRE - uvavanyo lokuphefumula - ngokuqhelekileyo lithathwa ligosa lepolisa eliye layeka umqhubi ukuba axolise ukuqhubela phambili phantsi kwefuthe. Ukuba umrhweba ubonakala engakwazi ukuphazamiseka, kodwa enezinga lokuxilongwa kwegazi (BAC) phantsi komda wezomthetho, igosa liya kubiza igosa le-adware ye-drug recognition (DRE).
2 - Udliwano-ndlebe ngeGosa lokuBamba
Into yokuqala igosa le-DRE lihlaziya iziphumo zovavanyo lokuphefumula uze uthethe kunye negosa lokubamba malunga neemeko ezijikeleze ukuboshwa, ngokukodwa igosa elijongene nokuziphatha, ukubonakala, ukuqhuba kwaye umqhubi wenza nayiphi na ingxelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Igosa le-DRE linquma nokuba ngaba igosa elibanjwe lifumene nawuphi na ubungqina obufanelekileyo obungabonisa ukusebenzisa iziyobisi .
3 - Iimviwo zokuQala kunye noPhulo lokuqala
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwinkqubo ivela kwi-DRE igosa ukwenza uviwo lokuqala loomqhubi ukufumanisa ukuba ukuziphatha kwakhe kubangelwa yingozi okanye imeko, kunokuba izidakamizwa okanye utywala. Igosa libuza umqhubi malunga nempilo yakhe, ukutya kunye nemithi enqunyiwe, ngelixa ekhangelele ukulungelelanisa nentetho.
Igosa le-DRE liyabona abafundi baqhubi ukuba babone ukuba bafana nobukhulu obulinganayo kwaye banquma ukuba amehlo anokulandela nokulandelela into efanayo.
Kwakhona ngethuba loviwo, igosa lithatha umqhubi womqhubi okokuqala ngqa. Ngethuba le nkqubo, igosa liya kuthatha i-pulse ye-suspect ngezihlandlo kathathu kwi-akhawunti yokukhathazeka, ukujonga ukuhambelana nokujonga ukuba izinga le-pulse landa okanye linciphisa.
4 - Uvavanyo lweehlo
Ngexesha lesine isinyathelo se-DRE protocol, igosa linikeza iimvavanyo zomqhubi ngenjongo yokubheka ingqungquthela ye-nystagmus (HGN), umbono ocacileyo uNystagmus (VGN) kunye nokungabikho kwe-convergence yamehlo. I-HGN ingabangelwa zizixinzelelo, inhalants, kunye ne- disestative anesthetics . Amanani aphezulu aesthetic dissociative angenza iVGN. I-anesthetics ne- marijuana ye- dissociative ingabangela ukungabikho kokuguquka.
5 - Ulwahlulo lweNzululwazi lweeNgqondo
Kule nyathelo kwiprotokholi ye-DRE, igosa licela umqhubi ukuba athathe iimvavanyo ezine ze-psychophysical ngokuqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yizilingo zokunyamekela kwimihlaba . Ezi mvavanyo ziquka ukulinganisa kwe-Romberg, ukuhamba nokujika, ukuma kwesigxina esisodwa kunye ne-finger finger test test.
6 - Izibonakaliso zeVital kunye nePulse Second
Inyathelo lesithandathu kwiprotocol libiza ukuba igosa le-DRE ithathe uxinzelelo lwegazi lomqhubi, ukushisa kunye ne-pulse (okwesibini). Izimpawu zeVital zingakhutshwa kwaye zinciphise kuxhomekeke kwimihlobo yezidakamizwa umqhubi ethatha. Ngoko ke, imiqondiso ebalulekileyo ingasetyenziswa njengobungqina bokubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Iimviwo ezi-7 eziMnyama
Igosa le-DRE isebenzisa idivayisi eyaziwa njengepupilometer ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabafundi baqhubi baxutywa, banqandekile okanye baqhelekile. Igosa lihlola amehlo ngenxa yokusabela kwabo ekukhanyeni. Ezinye izidakamizwa zandisa ubungakanani bomfundi, ezinye iziyobisi ziyanciphisa kwaye ezinye iziyobisi zenza ukuba abafundi baphendule ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha utshintsho.
Kwakhona ngelo nyathelo, igosa lihlola iingcingo zomlomo zomlomo kunye nezomlomo zomqondiso wempawu zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ezifana nompuphu omhlophe ekhaleni).
8 - Ukuhlolwa kweTone Tone
Ngenxa yokuba ezinye iziyobisi zibangela ukuba imisipha yomzimba ibe lukhuni kwaye ezinye zibangele izihlunu zibe yi-flaccid, igosa le-DRE lihlola ithoni ye-skeletal muscle yomqhubi kwinqanaba lesibhozo kule protocol.
9 - Hlola i-Sites Injection ne-Third Pulse
Emva koko, i-Expert Recognition Expert ihlolisisa umqhubi wezaziso zokungena iziyobisi okanye ubungqina bentengiso yeziyobisi. Kule ngongoma, igosa lithatha umqhubi womqhubi wexesha lesithathu nelokugqibela.
10 - Iingxelo zeZifundo kunye nezinye izinto ezijongeyo
Ukuba engazange enze njalo, igosa le-DRE lifunda amalungelo kaMrolanda umqhubi kwaye imcela kuye uluhlu lwemibuzo ngqo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
11 - Uhlalutyo kunye neMibono yoVavanyo
Ngeli nqanaba kwinkqubo, igosa le-DRE lenza uluvo malunga nokukhubazeka komqhubi ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo yovavanyo. Igosa liza kunika uluvo lwakhe malunga naluphi uhlobo okanye iindidi zamachiza umqhubi angaba phantsi kwefuthe ngokusekelwe kwi- DRE Drug Symptomatology Matrix kunye noqeqesho lomntu kunye namava akhe.
I-12 - Ukuhlolwa kweTyxicological
Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-Recognition Recognition Expert izakucela ukuba umqhubi athathe umchamo, igazi kunye / okanye uvavanyo lwe-saliva ukuhlalutya ityhubhu ye-toxicology. Iziphumo zovavanyo zingasetyenziswa njengobungqina obuninzi bokungaphumeleli.
Umthombo:
UkuHlola kweMida yoLuntu kunye neNkqubo yoHlelo. "Iprotocol ye-DRE." Uyilo loLwazi lweMithi .